Functions of the skeletal system Protection: The skeleton shields internal organs that are delicate. It protects the organs from damage during motion. An example is a brain that is protected by the cranium. Movement: The skeletal system provides a surface onto which muscles can be anchored to enable movement. the joints act as fulcrums, bones … Read more
Myology is the study of muscles. Muscles are the fleshy parts of the skeleton. Muscle cells referred to as fibers are the longest cells in the body. Fibers are connected by the connective tissue and covered by the sheath. Function of muscles Movement: skeletal muscles produce mechanical work from chemical energy. The muscles contract to … Read more
The integumentary system is composed of nails, hair, and glands. The skin The skin has an epidermis and the dermis. Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) lies beneath the dermis and epidermis. Organs and tissues loosely attach to the hypodermis to allow free movement of muscles. The hypodermis contains pressure-sensitive nerves. Epidermis The stratum corneum: It contains approximately … Read more
Introduction Respiration is the process that facilitates the exchange of gases between living organisms and their environment. It occurs in three processes: Breathing: It involves the exchange of air between the lungs and the environment (into and out of the lugs). Exchanging gases: It occurs between the blood, body cells, and alveolar cells. It occurs … Read more
Introduction Digestion is the splitting of large food molecules into smaller molecules that are usable to cells. Deglutition involves swallowing of food into the stomach from the mouth. Absorption is the movement of digested food through the intestines to blood. Egestion is the elimination of undigested food from the digestive tract. The gut is formed … Read more
Circulatory System The system involves blood, blood vessels, and the heart. It is also called the closed double system The system is closed because blood is contained in the vessels and the heart. The system is double because it contains two cavities and circuits separated by the septum. The two circuits include: The pulmonary circuit … Read more
The lymphatic system The lymphatic system filters and destroys pathogens hence protecting the body. The lymphatic system absorbs and breaks down excess fats and regulates the blood volume. Lymph and ducts The lymphatic system starts within body tissues and proceeds to blood capillaries where plasma proteins, plasma, and nutrients leak into the cells while wastes … Read more
The Urinary System The urinary system filters harmful substances like urea creatinine and uric acid from blood plasma and excretes them from the body. It removes excess substances present in the blood. The urinary system also maintains the normal osmotic pressure by removing water when the tissue level concentration is very high. The kidney The … Read more
Parts of the male reproductive system The penis and scrotum are the visible parts of the male reproductive system. The penis is the forward projection from the male reproductive site. The scrotum is the skin pouch outside the body found below the penis that holds testis and. The left scrotum side hangs lower than the … Read more
Parts of the female reproductive system Ovaries: The female system has two ovaries which produce an ovum every month. They are located on each side of the uterus and behind fallopian tubes. The ovary has stroma containing fibrous connective tissue referred to as tunica albuginea. The germinal epithelium is found outside the tunica albuginea. The … Read more